Understanding Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: What You Need to Know

Have you ever experienced a sudden drop in your hearing ability? It can be quite alarming. This condition is known as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), or sudden deafness, and it usually happens rapidly within a few days. 

Sometimes wax can also cause a sudden non-permanent change in hearing - this can be easily removed by a qualified professional. This should not be confused with a SSHL.

What Is Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss? 
SSHL is a rapid, unexplained loss of hearing in one ear. Unlike gradual hearing loss that comes with age or prolonged noise exposure, SSHL strikes quickly and unexpectedly, often catching people off guard. 

What Causes SSHL? 
In many cases, the exact cause of SSHL remains a mystery, making it an idiopathic condition. However, there are several known factors that could contribute to its onset, including: 

• Viral Infections: Some viral infections can damage the inner ear.
• Autoimmune Disorders: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the inner ear.
• Inner Ear Disorders: Conditions like Meniere’s disease can lead to SSHL.
• Head Trauma: Injury to the head can affect hearing.
• Vascular Diseases: Blood flow issues can impact the inner ear.
• Ototoxic Medications: Some medications can damage the ear.
• Genetic Factors: A predisposition to hearing loss can run in families.

Recognising the Symptoms 
The hallmark of SSHL is a sudden loss of hearing, typically in one ear. This might be accompanied by: 

• Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing in the ear.
• Dizziness: A feeling of vertigo or imbalance.
• Ear Fullness: A sensation of pressure or fullness in the affected ear.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment can significantly improve the chances of recovery. 

Diagnosing SSHL 
If SSHL is suspected, an audiologist will perform a comprehensive evaluation. This typically includes: 

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Understanding the patient’s health background.
• Audiological Tests: Pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry assess hearing loss.

Onward referral to an Ear Nose and Throat Specialist for further evaluation, which may include; 

• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans rule out other possible causes.

Treatment Options 
Treating a confirmed SSHL involves an appointment with a medical professional (GP/ENT/Emergency Department) for potential medical interventions and rehabilitation strategies. Time is of the essence here, so prompt treatment is critical. Common treatments include: 

• Corticosteroids: These medications reduce inflammation and swelling in the inner ear and can be administered orally, intravenously, or through injections.
• Other Medications: Depending on the suspected cause, other drugs might be prescribed.
• Rehabilitation: Hearing aids or assistive listening devices can help manage residual hearing loss.

What’s the Prognosis? 
The outlook for SSHL varies. While some people regain their hearing completely, others may only experience partial recovery or none at all. The chances of a positive outcome are higher with prompt treatment. Rehabilitation and support can significantly improve the quality of life for those with lasting hearing loss. 

Preventing SSHL 
Since the exact cause of SSHL is often unknown, prevention can be challenging. However, maintaining good overall health, avoiding prolonged exposure to loud noises, and seeking immediate medical attention for any hearing changes can help mitigate risks. 

Conclusion 
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a rapid and unexpected condition that requires immediate attention. By understanding the potential causes and symptoms, and by seeking prompt medical care, individuals can improve their chances of recovery and better manage the impact of SSHL on their lives. If you or someone you know experiences sudden hearing loss, don’t hesitate—reach out to Bellbird Hearing right away.